Another parameter about the insulation performance of transformer oil-----Tan Delta/Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF)
What is Tan δ, Or Tan Delta?
Tan Delta, also called Loss Angle or Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF) or Power Factor (PF) testing, is an electrical dielectric test on the insulating oil used to determine its quality. The test is performed at two temperatures. Information from each test and the results considered together may form the basis for making a judgment on whether it’s suitable for a transformer to continue in service and for determining when the replacement or regeneration of the transformer oil is needed.
Transformer oil is a dielectric, i.e. an insulator capable of withstanding electrical stress. When an AC voltage is applied to the medium oil, the phase difference between the passing current and the voltage at both ends is not a 90° angle, but a δ angle smaller than the 90° angle, this δ angle is called the dielectric loss angle of the oil, the dielectric loss factor of transformer oil is expressed by the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle δ.
The dielectric loss factor is a parameter to measure the degree of dielectric loss. Dielectric loss refers to the energy loss caused inside the insulating material due to the hysteresis effect of dielectric conductance and dielectric polarization under the action of an electric field.
Transformer oil dielectric loss factor tgδ value is one of the important parameters to judge the insulation state of transformer oil. Measuring the dielectric loss factor tgδ value is a traditional and very effective method for judging the insulation status of electrical equipment. The decline in insulation capacity directly reflects the increase in dielectric loss.
Under normal circumstances, when the transformer voltage level is 330KV, the dielectric loss factor tgδ value ≤0.040, when the transformer voltage level is ≥500KV, the dielectric loss factor tgδ value is ≤0.020. Defects such as moisture ingress of transformer oil, microorganisms, oxidation products, external particles, polar substances in solid insulating materials dissolved in oil, or partial discharge will all change the value of the dielectric loss factor tgδ of the transformer oil, which means that the transformer oil is insulated. The performance is reduced. Therefore, when conducting transformer oil dielectric loss tests on site, it is required that the tgδ value should not increase or decrease significantly, that is, it is required that the tgδ value should not have obvious changes in previous tests.
What is the importance of Tan Delta/Dielectric Dissipation Factor(DDF) test for transformer insulating oil?
The transformer insulating oil dielectric loss test is also a preventive test. Its purpose is to monitor the insulation performance of the transformer oil to ensure the safe operation of the transformer. Through the oil dielectric loss test, it can be found that the overall insulation is affected by moisture, aging and other distributed defects or there are defects in the insulation. Air gap discharge defects, the greater the dielectric loss factor, the higher the power loss of the oil. That is, the power loss of oil is proportional to the dielectric loss factor. In other words, the dielectric loss factor of insulating oil can clearly indicate the degree of refinement and purification of the oil.
Generally, the dielectric loss factor of normally refined and purified oil is very small, and when the temperature rises, the value of the dielectric loss factor does not increase much, and the heating and cooling curves basically coincide. However, when the degree of oil refining is not enough, or the purification is not thorough, the dielectric loss factor of the oil is large, and it increases rapidly when the temperature rises. Therefore, the dielectric loss factor is one of the quality indicators of the new insulating oil's important electrical properties.
The aging degree of insulating oil in operation can be reflected from the change of its dielectric loss factor value. When the oil has aged and there are more aging products dissolved in the oil, its dielectric loss factor will increase significantly. The dielectric loss factor value of insulating oil is of great significance to judge the quality of transformer insulation characteristics. If the dielectric loss factor of insulating oil increases, it will cause the deterioration of the overall insulation characteristics of the transformer. The dielectric loss causes heat to be generated inside the insulation. The greater the dielectric loss, the more heat will be generated inside the insulation, which in turn will increase the dielectric loss. If this continues, a breakdown will be formed at the insulation defect, that will affect equipment operation.
Relative Tester---Transformer Oil Tan Delta/Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF)/Loss Angle Test Kit (GTD-61A)
1. The GTD-61A automatic oil tan delta & oil dielectric loss tester is highly automated, allowing for the measurement of temperature rise, dielectric loss, and resistance in one go.
2. The test kit adopts medium-frequency induction heating and a PID temperature control algorithm. This heating method has several advantages, including non-contact heating between the oil cup and the heating body, uniform heating, high speed, and convenient control. As a result, the temperature is strictly controlled within the preset temperature error range.
3. The GTD-61A test kit uses advanced DSP and FFT technology to ensure data stability, accuracy, and reliability.
4. The internal standard capacitor is an SF6 inflatable three-point capacitor. The dielectric loss of this capacitor is not affected by ambient temperature and humidity, so the accuracy of the instrument is still guaranteed after long-term use.
5. The large color touch screen and English operation menu make the GTD-61A test kit easy to operate.
6. The GTD-61A test kit provides tips on opening the cover after shutting off the high voltage, short-circuiting the high and low voltage electrodes of the oil cup to eliminate any hidden safety hazards, and ensuring the safety of the operator and normal operation of the equipment.
7. The test kit has a real-time clock, allowing the test date and time to be saved, displayed, and printed with the test results. The device can also display real-time monitoring of the environment.
8. The GTD-61A can automatically store and store up to 100 sets of test data.
9. The test kit has the function of calibrating the empty electrode cup. The capacitance and dielectric loss factor of the empty electrode cup are measured to judge the conditions of the empty electrode cup. The calibration data is automatically saved to facilitate accurate calculation of relative permittivity and DC resistivity.
10. The GTD-61A has a wireless transmission function, making it easy to connect with a computer for data transmission and counter charge functions.
11. The oil can be drained off automatically without being taken out, making it convenient to clean.
Relative Tester---Transformer Oil Tan Delta/Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF)/Loss Angle Test Kit (JYC)
1. Dielectric breakdown (BDV) (ASTM D877 & ASTM D1816, IEC 60156)
2. Tan Delta (Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF)/ Power factor) (ASTM D924, IEC 60247, IEC 61620, BS 5737, JIS C2101, VDE 0380-2, IS 6262)
3. Resistivity (ASTM D1169, IEC 60247, BS 5737, JIS C2101, VDE 0380-2, IS 6103)
JYC automatic frequency conversion anti-interference dielectric loss teaser is used for field anti-interference dielectric loss measurement or laboratory precision dielectric loss measurement, the instrument is an integrated structure, built-in dielectric loss bridge, variable frequency power supply, test transformer and standard capacitor, etc., adopts frequency conversion anti-interference and "Fourier" transform digital filtering technology, fully automatic intelligent measurement, the measurement data is very stable under strong interference, and the measurement results are from large to large, LCD screen display, built-in printer can print out.
Features
●Adopt frequency conversion anti-interference technology, automatically identify 50Hz/60Hz system voltage, and can still measure accurately under 200% interference
●With CVT ratio function, it can measure CVT ratio, polarity and phase
●With positive/reverse wiring, internal/external standard capacitance, internal/external high voltage multiple working modes, integrated structure, can do various conventional dielectric loss tests, without any external auxiliary equipment
●With reverse wiring low-voltage shielding function, in the case of CVT bus grounding, it can measure C11 without disconnecting the wire
●With the measurement function of CVT self-excitation method, C1/C2 can be measured at the same time with one connection, and the influence of lead wires and standard capacitor voltage division can be automatically compensated
●It has the function of prompting for bad circuit contact and discharge, to facilitate the judgment of whether the wiring is reliable
●Built-in series and parallel dielectric loss measurement models, used to simulate "Schering bridge" or current comparator bridge, convenient for instrument testing
●Dynamic display of test voltage and current, which can also be used as a high-voltage meter